第二节 及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
一、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:
Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)
二、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
He works hard.(他工作努力。)
Jack jruns faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个“A”,因为他仔细地复习了功课。)
[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:
Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak, 不及物动词
Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:
He is waiting for you.(他在等你。)
英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。
Serve the people.(为人民服务。)
英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。