一、动词时态考查要点简述

6. 过去完成时  

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )  There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 

考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。  

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.  No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）

 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 

考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

 I had hoped that I could do the job.

 I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

7. 一般将来时  

表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。 Beijingwill host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 

考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.  （主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 

考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

 I am leaving forBeijingtomorrow.

考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

Use your head and you will find a way.

考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。

“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。 They are to be married in this May.

8. 将来进行时 

表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。

 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。

The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.

【典例】At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.   A. we’re going to fly     B. we’ll be flying    C. we’ll fly    D. we’re to fly  【答案】B   【解析】at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间，故用来将进行时。

 9. 将来完成时  

表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。

如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time„, before或when等引导的副词从句。  By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 

【典例】By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.

 A. shall stay  B. have stayed   C. will have stayed    D. have been staying

 【答案】C   【解析】 by the time引导的时间状语从句中使用了一般现在时表将来，主句应用将来时，因此排除B、D。句意：当你到达伦敦时，我们将已经在欧洲逗留两周了。由此判断应用将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作。故选C。

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

【注意】：1.一般现在时代替一般将来时  When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：  He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。 

 2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时 

（1） "书上说"，"报纸上说"等。例如：  The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。

（2） 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：   Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。

 3.一般现在时代替现在完成时

 （1）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：  I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。  I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 

（2）用句型 " It is „ since„"代替"It has been „ since „"。例如：  It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。

4.一般现在时代替现在进行时。   在Here comes„/There goes„等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：  There goes the bell. 铃响了。

5.现在进行时代替将来时  （1）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：  Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗? We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。  （2）渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如： He is dying. 他要死了。 

6.时态与常用时间状语的搭配:   一般现在时： every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday等。   一般过去时：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等。  一般将来时： next„, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等。  现在完成时： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the few past years, always, recently lately等。  过去完成时：before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等。  过去进行时：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening„ when, while等。  将来进行时：soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening。