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虚拟语气考点透析
考点1:虚拟语气的基本用法
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could……+动词原形+其他成分。
例如:
①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing,I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.might not
【解析】句意为:如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实,我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句,描述的是事实,用陈述语气。正确答案为C.
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could……+have done+其他成分。
例如:
If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
【解析】句意为:如果天气好的话,我们是能够去野餐的,但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情,所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实,所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实,所以正确答案为A.
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could……+动词原形+其他成分。
例如:
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to,I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to
【解析】句意为:如果我能够计划做我想做的事情,我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情,所以正确答案为B.
考点2:含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句,而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句,主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如:
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed
【解析】由语境可知这里要表达的意思是:如果没有你们辛勤的工作,我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然,这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟,所以要用could have done,故应选B.
考点3:主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中,主从句时间不一致,应根据不同情况区别对待。
例如:
It's hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn't have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall
【解析】句意为:如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话,很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情,从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B.
考点4:名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中,宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时,从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
例如:
—Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
—I agree,but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what
【解析】问句句意为:难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案为B.