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专升本英语-时态
动词主要时态
一般现在时 (am, is, are, do, does)
1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用;
2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等; 3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;
4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am.
5、在时间或条件状语中,表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right.
6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中,代替过去时,表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.
一般过去时 (was, were, did)
用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago, in 1987, at the time , in July. 一般将来时
主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况
在时间或条件状语中,一般不用将来时,而是用现在时代替将来时。I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything。
1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;
2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情; 3、am (is , are) about to + 动词原型,表示即将发生的动作;
4、am (is , are) to + 动词原型,表示必须或计划要进行的动作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered. 过去将来时
用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态 was (were) going to +动词原型 was (were) about to +动词原型
was (were) to + 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作
现在进行时
go, come , stay , leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作 He is coming to see you tomorrow.
hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用进行时态 过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night.
go, come , stay , leave, start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作 将来进行时
将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作,或按计划在未来将要进行的动作 This time next week she will be working in the company. 现在完成时
表示从过去,但持续到现在的动作,或表示过去发生的动作,但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。 He has paid his income tax. 过去完成时
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用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。
He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier. 将来完成时
用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作
I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow. 现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作,这个动作可能刚刚结束,或者可能要继续进行下去。 She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985. 过去完成进行时
表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续。 He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years.
在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中,遵照“主将从现”原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态。
被动语态
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
含有情态动词:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 例:They will widen (扩展) the road.
The road will be widened.
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are asked am/is/are being asked has/have been asked 过去 was/were asked was/were being asked had been asked 将来 shall/will be asked --------------------- shall/will have been asked 过去将来
should/would be asked
---------------------
should/would have been asked
情态动词的被动语态:
一般式:情态动词(can, could, may, might, must, should, need等)+ be + 过去分词
完成式:情态动词(can, could, may, might, must, should, need等)+ have been + 过去分词 例:This can be done by hand. 这可以手工做。
The project might have been completes earlier. 这项工程本可以早些完工的。