一、阐述观点或进行论证

　　(1) 就我所知：as far as I know, to my knowledge

　　(2) 在我看来：from my point of view, in my view/opinion/personal judgment, it seems to me that

　　(3) 关于，就……而言：in reference to , with regard to, in respect to/of , as to, as/so far …is concerned

　　(4) 一般来说：generally speaking

　　(5) 概括地说：in general terms

　　(6) 严格地说：strictly speaking

　　(7) 更准确地说：precisely speaking, more specifically speaking

　　(8) 可以肯定地说：It is safe to say that…

　　(9) 我认为：I think/ believe that…

　　(10) 人们认为：It is believed that…

　　(11) 通常认为：It is generally accepted that…

　　(12) 常言道：It used to be said that…

　　(13) 众所周知：As is known to all, …; It is well known to all that…

　　(14) 据说：It is said that…

　　(15) 据报道：It is reported that…

　　(16) 有人指出：It is pointed out that…

　　(17) 有人估计：It is estimated that…

　　(18) 必须指出：It must be pointed out that…

　　(19) 必须承认：It must be admitted that…; we must admit that…

　　(20) 我们必须对…引起注意：we must pay/attach/draw great attention to…

二、例证/补充说明/进一步阐述

　　(1) 例如：for example, for instance, such as

　　(2) 以…… 为例：take …for example

　　(3) 等等：and so on, and so forth, and all, and others, and the like, as well

　　(4) 同样地：similarly, likewise, in the same way

　　(5) 事实上：in fact, in effect, as a matter of fact

　　(6) 特别是：particularly, in particular, especially

　　(7) 再者，更重要的是：what’s more, more than that, the most important

　　(8) 此外：moreover, furthermore, in addition, in addition to that, besides

　　(9) 即，也就是说：that is , that is to say, or, namely

　　(10) 换言之：in other words, or, that is

三、陈述观点/理由/措施

　　提出问题

　　(1) ……的原因有许多：There are many reasons why…

　　(2) ……的原因如下: The reasons why …are as follows

　　(3) 我的看法是……：My opinion is that…; From my point of view, …; In my opinion…

　　(4) 这个问题的最佳解决方案是……：The best solution to the problem is …

　　展开讨论

　　(1) 第一层

　　①首先：first，firstly, in the first place, first of all, to begin with, for one thing

　　②我的第一点理由是：My first reason is that…

　　③主要因素是：The main factor is that…

　　(2) 第二层

　　①其次：second, secondly, in the second place, next, then, for another

　　②一种方法是：Another means of … is to …

　　③第二种解决方法是：The second solution is that…

　　(3) 第三层

　　第三点：third, thirdly, besides, in addition, in addition to that, furthermore, what is more important…

　　总结观点

　　(1) 最后一点：last, lastly, last but not least, finally, in the last place, last of all, shortly, briefly

　　(2) 简言之：in brief, in short, in summary, to sum up

　　(3) 总之：in a word, in conclusion, in all, altogether

　　(4) 因此：so, thus, hence, therefore, consequently, for these reasons

　　(5) 结果：in consequence, as a result

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