现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

定义：　

（1） 强调动作是过去发生的

（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果

（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。

但过去分词一定要选择准确。

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped不规则动词 burn---burnt---burnt 1hide hid hiden 隐藏 2forget forgot forgoten 忘记 3see saw seen 看见 4take took taken

2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型 过去式 过去分词

burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost costcut cut cut

hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut

spread spread spread let let let read read read led led led

AAB型　beat beat beaten

ABA型 become became become run ran run come came come

特殊情况 　read read read 　read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

ABB型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt　catch caught caught dig dug dug 　feel felt felt fight fought fought 　find found found feed fed fed get got got　hang hung hung hear heard heard 　hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid 　lead led led lose lost lost 　leave left left lend lent lent 　make made made mean meant meantmeet met met 　pay paid paid sell sold sold shoot shot shot say said said

sit sat sat stand stood stood shine shone shone sweep swept swept

sleep slept slept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won 　

ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written take took taken wear wore worn

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