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专升本必考考点-主谓一致
一、“Either A or B+谓语”结构,谓语取决于B。
例:Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they
would take part in the basketball match.
但在一般疑问句中,谓语取决于A。
例如:Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?
Is either he or you going there?
这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。
二、“Neither A nor B+谓语”结构,谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语,
理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和,为复数概念,故其后可用复数谓语。
例如:Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.
她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。
Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.
三、Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数,但在口语中,从意义上亦可视为复数)
None of…接单、复谓
例:Neither of them is(或are)right.
None of you is(或are)fit for the job.
四、 There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词,若是单数名词,则be为is/was;
若是复数名词,则be为are/were(即第1条中的“就近原则”)。
例如:There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.
There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.
五、a group of…,a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可,跟复谓的理由是不止一个人,跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。
例如:A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.
六、像school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词,其后谓语可能是单数形式,也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时,用单数谓语;视其为群体成员时,则用复数谓语。
例如:The class are having a meeting.这个班学生在开会。
The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。
The family enjoy singing and dancing.这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。
The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。
七、像police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词,其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded
(伤员)后总是跟复数谓语。
八、像clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语,但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时,也可跟复数谓语。
例如:The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.
Five articles of clothing are over there.